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Transport and telecommunications
Railroads In 1949, China counted on 21,800 kilometers of railroads, of which only 11,000 kilometers were passable. During the period from 1979 to 1999, one put to the service 17,919 kilometers of railroads, with 11,783 kilometers electrified. In 1999, the passage in good condition arrived at 57,900 kilometers increasing in 20,1 percent in comparison with 1978. The railroads of China are united mainly by two great arteries: the one of south-north and the one of East-West. First it has to Peking as center and is integrated by the Jingguang line (Peking-Guangzhou), the Jinghu (Peking-Shanghai), the Jingjiu (Peking-Kowloon), and the Jingha (Peking-Harbin); second they have to Zhengzhou as center and includes the lines Longhai (Lianyungang-Lanzhou) and Lanxin (Lanzhou-Ürümqi). Now this last line extends from Ürümqi towards the west and it is connected with the railroads of Kazakstán and conforms a new euroasiático intercontinental bridge, from Lianyungang, China, to Rotterdam, Holland. In addition, in the mountainous zones of the southwest main lines work such as the Chengyu (Chengdu-Chongqing), the Baocheng (Baoji-Chengdu), the Chengkun (Chengdu-Kunming) and the Nankun (Nanning-Kunming). In the independent region uigur of Xinjiang was constructed the Nanjiang line (Turpan-Kashi).
China counted in 1949 with 80,000 kilometers of highways, and more of a third of the districts they did not have them. In 1999, were in good condition 1.352.000 kilometers of highways. At the moment, the automotive vehicles arrive at all the heads distritales, corners, and populated with the country. After 1978, China has concluded the construction of a considerable number of freeways. Among them they are the Shenyang-Dalian lines, Peking-Tianjin-Tanggu, Guangzhou-Shenzhen, Jinan-Qingdao, Chengdu-Chongqing, Yichang-Huangshi, Peking-Shijiazhuang, Shanghai-Ningbo, Taiyuan-Jiuguan, and Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan. In 1999, the new constructed passages were of 58,000 kilometers, with 2,825 kilometers of freeways. Between 1949 and 1978, the country invested thousands of million of yuanes to construct or to extend aerodromes, which established the base for the civil air navigation. From the reform and the opening, it has been constructed and enlarged a group of aerodromes to adapt to the needs of the development. At the end of 1999, they were in good condition of the civil air navigation more than 140 airports, 80 of them with conditions for the takeoff and landing of airplanes Boeing 777, 767, 757, 747, 737 and A340 or airplanes majors. In 1999, the civil aviation of China served with 1,115 lines, 128 of international them. The passages of airplane navigation reach to 1.522.000 kilometers, increasing in 10,22 times in comparison with 1978. The national lines have to Peking like center, arrive at the capitals from all the provinces, independent regions and municipalities directly subordinated to the central Power, important abiertas cities, border and remote regions. The international lines reach to more than 50 cities of the world, among others, Tokyo, Bangkok, Yakarta, Paris, Frankfurt, Moscow, London, New York, Vancouver, etc.
China counts on a continental coastal line of 18,000 kilometers and one length overall of 220,000 kilometers of rivers. The good natural conditions offer facilities for the river navigation and marine. Of our fluvial systems, relatively they are developed, as far as the transport, those of the Changjiang, Zhujiang, Heilongjiang, Huaihe, Qiantangjiang, Minjiang, Huangpujiang, and the Great Peking-Hangzhou Channel. In 1999, the navigable passages reached to 110,300 kilometers. The volume of load transport was of 2.126.300 million tons/kilometers and the one of passengers, 10,730 million people/kilometers. At present, it has more than 70 main fluvial ports, with more than 5,000 dock berths. The Changjiang river is the “gold route” of the fluvial transport of China, its annual volume of load transport and passengers are relatively considerable. Nanjing is the greater fluvial port of China; its annual volume of load and unloading reachs more than 40 million tons. Two zones of marine transport, the one of the north and the one of the south are seen. The northern one has to Shanghai and Dalian like centers. The southern one operates with Guangzhou like center. From the reform and the opening the volume of load and unloading of the new ports including the fluvial ports reached to 497.26 million tons. The main seaports are 20. The volume of load and unloading of merchandize was of 1,050 million tons and the volume of passengers reachs 64.01 million people. Shanghai is one of the ten great commercial ports of the world, with a volume of load and annual unloading superior to one hundred million tons. China owns a fleet of high seas with a lifting capacity of 22 million tons. This fleet travels to more than 1,100 ports of the world. Services of post office and telecommunications From 1978, the development of the post office and telecommunications have entered a new historical stage. They have extended much the volume of the wire net and elevated the level of technology and services. Different communications networks were constructed from public use that include optical cables, microwaves, satellites, programmed commutation, movable communication and digital communication. They cover the country and they are connected with the world. The network of post office of public use has advanced means of transport. By the end of 1999, the volume of telephone commutators reached 160 million lines. The number of users of cellular telephones reached to 43.24 million. The market of cellular telephones of China is the third party of the world. The global volume of users of telephones reached 110 million. The diffusion rate of teféfonos of the country rose of 0.38 percent in 1978 to 13 percent in 1999; in the city, the possession of telephones, 1.9 percent in 1978 to 28.4 percent in 1999. The 79.8 percent of the administrative villages of the countryside account with telephones. 102,000 agencies of mail, and 6.215.000 kilometers of postal routes were registered in all the country. At present, the international services of special delivery have been abierto and immediate of postal packages in all the great and medians cities and some cities services of automatic international telegraphy, digital transmission, fast fax and international televising transmission have settled, and other services by Internet, such as the electronic mail and commerce, are fashionable.
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