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Urban construction
Urban construction After the foundation of the People's Republic of China, only 58 cities existed. In 1952, nine cities had a population superior to a million inhabitants. After 1978, the process of the urbanization of China has entered a new stage with quick development. The number of 193 raised cities of in 1979 668 in 1999. Of them, 37 bigger cities have a population superior to a million inhabitants; 48 great ones, from 500,000 to 1.000.000 of inhabitants; 205 medians, of 200,000 to 500,000 inhabitants; 378 small ones, of 200,000 inhabitants for down. The number of the cities medians is quickly increased and the one of small the more express still. In the zones of the coast of the east, some groups (strips) of cities with greatest have formed like centers, for example the cities that surround the sea Bohai and the deltas by the rivers Changjiang and Zhujiang. The reform and the opening energetically impel the fortification of the urban integral power. From 1988 to 1996, the Internal Gross Product of the cities increased quickly to the 18 percent in annual average. The position and paper of the cities as center becomes more and more remarkable. From 1979, the Chinese Government invested great sums in the construction of the urban infrastructure, like works of the public facilities, the urban reforestation, routes, the public transport, the provision of water and gas, the sweepings treatment, etc. In 1999, the volume of water provided to the cities was of 46,750 million cubic meters, the length overall of streets and urban routes reached the 151,000 kilometers and the provided amount of gas of coal and natural gas totalized 2.121.000 cubic meters.
Houses The quick Chinese Government much attention to the construction of houses of the urban and rural inhabitants, takes a series from measures and speeds up of the construction. From 1979 to 1999, the sum of investment in the construction of urban houses reached 3.717.300 million of yuanes; the surface of construction of concluded houses was of 16,400 million square meters. In the cities, the residential surface by person reached to 9.8 meters squared in 1999, while in 1978 it was of only 3.6 meters square. From 1979 to 1999, the new houses in the countryside added 13,800 million squared meters, and the residential surface per capita rose of 8.1 in 1978 to 24.4 in 1999. At the same time, the State puts in execution the “Program of houses” in order to improve the residential conditions of the families in difficulties. In order to lift the environmental quality of houses of the urban inhabitants, from 1986 the pilot work has been begun in the 56 cities of the country to construct 67 residential zones with 10 million squared meters of surface. When entering the decade of the 90, the State applied in the national scope the “exemplary Program of houses modestly accommodated” for the 2000, with a surface of near 10 million square meters. According to the “IX Quinquennial Plan” and the goals of development for year 2010, elaborated by the Chinese Government for the construction of houses, until 2000, each urban family has a house; the 70 percent of the families can own a house with complete functions, a residential surface of 9 meters squared by person and 14 meters squared of use surface. The quality and the functions of the houses in the field will have new elevations and improvements. In 2010, each urban family will have a house with basically complete functions, with a residential surface of 10 meters square and 15 to 18 meters squared of surface of use by person arriving each to have an own room. The quality of the rural houses will rise remarkably and the functions will be basically complete.
Real estate In the last years the branch of real estate is developed quickly. Everywhere of China measures of reform of the residential system have been promulgated political and, promote the commercialization of houses, the paid use of the land and the integral operation of real estate. The main policies are the following: First, to impel actively the reform of the system of investment of the branch of real estate turning the monopolized investment of the State into investments pluralizadas of the State, the localities, the companies and the individuals. Secondly, to promote the construction of economic houses. To construct common houses according to the norms of construction of houses stipulated by the State that supports of political character as far as the planning, the program, the tributary use of the land and expenses, and to sell these houses to prices of cost to the medium families with or low income. Third party, to establish the public reservations system of house of the urban inhabitants, to elevate the rent of public houses, to sell the public houses at the cost of cost, to develop the finances of houses, etc. In order to stimulate the individuals to buy houses, the majority of the cities has readjusted the direction of credits of the public reserve of house and supports to the individuals that buy houses. Now, in all the country they exist more than 20,000 real estate companies.
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