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Environmental protection
Ecological environmental protection In the 40 passed years, China has altogether treated 670,000 kilometers square that suffered loss of water and erosion of the ground. The rate of forest cover has risen to the 13.92 percent. The work of natural environmental protection also has achieved success. 151 ecological exemplary points of construction and 1,146 natural reserves work. Of them, 137 of national category. The most significant project of transformation of ecological means is the forest one, for the protection of the water and the conservation of the ground and against serious desertification in the northwest, north and the northeast. This called project “Great Green Wall”, of 7,000 kilometers in length, began in 1978. Of to 1996 trees in more stood there than 18 million hectares. 21 million hectares of worked earth have the protection of the trees. Around the 20 percent of desertizadas earth they have received treatment. Other two projects, the protective forests of the courses average and superior of the Changjiang river and those of the coast, are construction in the heat of. Nevertheless, at the moment the ecological means of China are still very weak, the phenomena of loss of water and erosion of the ground worsen daily, and it is observed the desertification and the degeneration of territories of grass. That has debilitated the ecological functions of the prevention against the wind and the fixation of the sand, the deposit of the water and the Earth protection, as well as the protection of the biological diversity. The governments of different levels from China are striving to take measures and to put in execution the “Program of construction of the ecological environment of the country” and pay much attention to the works of prevention and treatment of the contamination and the ecological environmental protection.
Prevention and treatment of the contamination In the prevention and the treatment of the industrial contamination and the integral treatment of the urban environment, China foments the development of the protection of the environment reinforcing the supervision and the technical progress. In 1999, 22,258 projects of treatment, on credit fixed concluded, of environmental contamination, with a global investment of 12,310 million of yuanes; in 536 cities 2,364 dust and control zones settled down of the smoke; in 431 cities 2,040 zones without sonorous contamination were obtained. One has integrally unfolded the work of the prevention and the treatment of valley contamination important and regions. To 144 companies that daily spilled more than 100 tons of waste waters in the river basin of the Dianchi lake it indicated a term to them so that they solved the problem of the contamination. The same took control of the 109 companies that spilled more than 100 tons daily of waste waters in the river basin of the Chaohu lake. Thanks to these measures, the polluting industrial companies of the river basins of both Lagos, the quality of whose waters it has improved, fulfill the norms on the waste water spill.
Legal guarantee and international interchange The quick Chinese Government much attention to the construction of the laws related to the environmental protection and puts east work in the legislative orbit. He has promulgated five laws especially dedicated to protect the atmosphere and nine laws of resources that they have to do with the protection. The Council of State has elaborated more than 30 administrative regulations of environmental protection. With the increase of the number of great construction sites, the Government elaborated in 1998 the “administrative Regulations of the environmental protection of works in construction”, in order to fortify the administration of the environmental protection of works in contrucción, to control the new sources of contamination and to protect the ecological atmosphere. The Chinese Government grants special importance to the fortification of his cooperation with the Program of the Atmosphere of the UN, the Universal Bottom, the World Bank, the Asian Bank of Development, North America, Western Europe, Northern Europe, the developing Japan and countries. From 1979 China he has signed an international series of conventions and protocols on the environment: the Convention of Trade International of Threatened Zoological and Botanical Species, the Convention of Control of Pesca de Ballenas, the Convention of Vienna for the Protection of Capa de Ozono, the Convention of Basel on the Control of Traslado Transterritorial of the Dangerous Remainders and its Treatment, the Protocol of Montreal about the Matters that Reduce Capa de Ozono (reviewed), the Structural Convention on the Climatic Changes, the Convention of Biodiversity, the Convention of Prevention and Treatment of Desertification, the Convention on Considered Marshy Lands like Habitat of the Aquatic Birds, the Convention of London of 1972, etc. The Chinese Government also has made the “Agenda of the 21st century of China for the Environmental protection”, the “Program of Action of China for the Protection of the Biodiversity”, the “Program of Action of the Agenda of the 21st century of China for Forestry”, the “Agenda of the 21st century of China for the Oceanic Subjects” and other important documents, fulfilling conscientiously his obligations.
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