Physical culture and sports

Massive sports and the Project of Physical Fortification of All the Town

In the 50 years after the foundation of the Popular Republic, the sports of the popular masses were developed vigorously and two hundred or three hundred million people practice sports frequently. Nevertheless, the development of the massive sports of the urban and rural zones depends on the socio-economic development.

At the beginning, the sport exercises are concentrated mainly in both sport games of the spring and the autumn and in gymnastics by radio. In 1951, the National Federation of Sports of China published and promoted the first series of gymnastics by radio and in later times it prepared different series for the adults, the adolescents and the children. In 1954, the Chinese Government emitted to circulate, demanding the workers of the governmental institutions to make gymnastics of 10 minutes in the matutinal and vespertine intervals of the work and praised matutinal gymnastics and different sports like those from ball.

In this same year, the State promulgated the Sport System of Preparation To work and To defend to the Mother country, it took and it to the practice in all the country. In years 60, this system was reviewed to determine norms of physical culture of the young people and adolescents and in years 70, modified again to give national norms of physical culture. Throughout the 50 years, 1,000 million people/times reached these norms of cumulative way.

In the last more than 20 years after applied to the policy of reform and opening, thanks to the development of the national economy and to the elevation of the standard of life of the town, the popular masses take active part in new sports. Today any sport unified of the urban and rural zones cannot be found. Every day more people participate in the healthy and civilized sports like part of her daily life.

In 1978, the Is National Sport Games of Old the New Great March took place in Peking, capital of China. On April of 1983, the Association of Sports of the Old ones was based, and successively many popular associations of sports were organized, such as the Association of Fishing, the Comet Association, the Association of Boats of Dragoon. The excellent sportsmen of the massive sports entered and reinforced the athletic rows of the country. Between the 94 medals, that China was adjudged in the Olympic Games of Seoul of 1988, 26 belonged to the sportsmen coming from the countryside.

First of January of 1995, the Chinese Government started up the Project of Physical Fortification of All the Town, destined to lift the physical constitution and the level of health of all the town. This project, known like “project 121”, places its sights in the young people and the adolescents, and pleads to at least make sports once to the day, to learn more than two methods to fortify the health and to be put under the physical examination once a year. The 29 of August of the same year, the Permanent Committee of the National Popular Assembly unanimously approved the “Law of Sports of the People's Republic of China”, defining for the first time the sagrada task “Of developing the sports to fortify the health of the town” like the state will.

Traditional sports

The traditional sports comprise important of the cause of the sports of China, and are a precious cultural inheritance of the Chinese nation. Besides their value for the physical fortification, many of the excellent traditional sports have artistic values and recreational and educative faculties. After the foundation of the New China, the Government grants special attention to the development of the traditional sports of the minority ethnic groups, and recovered more than 1,000 sports, among them, the hand-to-hand combat, the equestrian race and the shot with arc of mongoles, the game of jianzi (a species of steering wheels done with sapecas and pens) and the game of the cord of hui, the race of yaks of the tibetanos, the swing and the boat of dragoon of miao, the launching of balls embroidered of zhuang, the springboard of the Koreans, the skating of the manchúes, the zancos of dong he spins, it of yao, the comets gaoshan of them, the “persecution of the children” of kirguises, the rattan balls. The dragoon boats, the comets, yangge, weiqi, qigong, and the boxing taiji is favorite traditional sports as much of the ethnic group have as of the minority ethnic groups.

The dragoon is the symbol of the Chinese nation. The dragoon boat is an invention with national characteristics, that the town of the diverse ethnic groups of China obtained in its productive practices and their social activities of long time. The race of dragoon boats stands out by its recreational sense and the rigorous competitiveness, and it is developed especially in the regions of the south of China, where there is more rivers and Lagos.

The comet, an important invention of old China, is the older flying vehicle of the world. One becomes in all the regions of the country. Peking, Tianjin, Weifang de Shandong and Nantong de Jiangsu formed their peculiar regional styles in the manufacture of comets and they won international fame. First of April of every year, in Weifang the Celebration of Comets is celebrated, where fans arrive worldwide to interchange techniques and to increase the friendship.

Yangge is a folkloric dance accompanied by very rythmical music, and prevails in the north of China. As the dance has movements majors, it became gradually of artistic representation in sport. It is a favorite sport of the median women and outpost age.

Weiqi has its origin in China. Registries are on the sport in documents of the Periods of the Spring and Fall and the Combatant Kingdoms. Then, this sport was transmitted to Japan, Korea and the countries of Europe and America. After the foundation of the New China, was catalogued it as it deports competitive. Now weiqi propagates and develops anywhere in the world.

Wushu is a sport of self-defense and physical training. Their main modalities are the fight without weapon, and the armed combat, each with their own schools and variants. Throughout thousands of years, it is transmitted widely between the popular masses.

The boxing taiji is one of the forms of fight without arms of wushu Chinese and dates from three hundred or four hundred years. It was created assimilating the theory of the culture and the physical fortification of the taoistas, and integrating the theories of yin and yang and the meridians and collaterals. Taiji was originated in Chenjiagou of the district of Wenxian in the province of Henan, and it is classified in the schools of Chen, Yang, Wu, Sun, Wuu, etc. His movements are fluids, slow and smooth. In the boxing taiji, brings back to consciousness orients the body and they are combined brings back to consciousness, qi and the body. With immobility it fights mobility and with smooth movements it attacks the energetic ones.

Sports of competition

In the 30 later years to 1949, the Chinese sportsmen secured 30 world-wide championships. Before the foundation of the Popular Republic, China participated three consecutive times in the Olympic Games without obtaining no gold medal. During the 21 years between 1978 and 1999, the Chinese sportsmen raised themselves with 1,205 world-wide titles in the Olympic Games, the world-wide championships and the world-wide glasses, breaking 800 records of the world in an ample fan of sport disciplines.

In the World-wide Championship of Rise of Weights, celebrated in Greece in 1979, Wu Shude he gained the first gold medal. In the same year, Ma Yanhong adjudged to the first gold medal of gymnastics, abriendo the new chapter of the gymnastic history of China. In 1982, Li Ning gained 6 gold medals in the Sixth World-wide Glass of Gymnastics, and was honest like Prince of Gymnastics. In XXII the World-wide Championship, the Chinese selection of gymnastics defeated to the Soviet selection and raised the throne of the champion of masculine group. From then, talented gymnasts in China arose successively, and in annals of the Federation the International of Gymnastics a great named technical angular momentum with the names of many Chinese gymnasts was catalogued: the mortal jump Yuejiu, the mortal jump Mo, the jump Yang Po, the corporal return Luo Li, etc.

In 1981, China prevailed as much in the competitions of the small balls like in those over the great ones. In XXXVI the World-wide Championship of table Tennis, the Chinese selection put in its purse the seven titles of champion, writing a new world-wide record in the world-wide history of table tennis. In III the World-wide Glass of Feminine Volleyball, the Chinese selection defeated to the Japanese selection and it was crowned like world-wide champion, materializing the “goodbye of the zero” in the athletic history of the sports of great balls of China.

The 28 of 1984 July, the gunner Xu Haifeng gained the first gold medal in XXIII the Olympic Games, making reality the dream of the Chinese sportsmen gain gold medals in the maximum competition.

After gaining for the first time three championships in II the World-wide Glass of Ornamental Jump in 1981, the selection of China was champion in 10 items of the V, I SAW and VII World-wide Championships of Swimming. In addition she is the holder of nine gold medals of the Olympic Games between the XXIII and the XXVI. From the Olympic Games of Barcelona, the Chinese selection of ornamental jump became owner of the world-wide tablado one of ornamental jump.

In 1981, China officially participates like titular member in the Federation the International of Badminton. Since then, the Chinese selection of badminton appropriated four times the glass Thomas, six times of the Uber glass and three times of the Sudirman glass, abriendo an era of China in the world-wide competitions of badminton.

In 1988, the Chinese nadadora Yang Wenyi broke the world-wide record of free style of 50 meters and got to be the first Chinese nadadora registered by the Federation the International of Swimming. In the XXV and XXVI Olympic Games, the Chinese selection was made title of five gold medals. In 1994, in VII the World-wide Championship of Swimming, the Chinese selection was put in the first position of medals with its 12 gold medals.

In XI the Asian Games, that took place in Peking in 1990, the Chinese delegation took near the 60 percent of the gold medals, demonstrating the integral power of China like a sport powerful country of Asia.

In 1993, the famous Chinese athletes Wang Junxia, Qu Yunxia, and others beat 6 people historically/times the world-wide records of feminine races of 10,000 meters, 3,000 meters and 1,500 meters, dismissing the zero medals of the history of athletics of China.

The 1994 were the first year of the project to honor to the mother country in the Olympic games. In this year, the Chinese sportsmen gained 79 titles of champions in 11 sports, and 26 people passed 72 times 40 marks world-wide. In this same year, China officially implanted the professional system of soccer matches, putting in the heat of game the initiative of the soccer players and stimulating the enthusiasm of the spectators. Every day plus the reform of the sport system of China in the different sports is deepened.

In 1998, the Chinese sportsmen obtained brilliants successes. They offered to the mother country 83 titles of world-wide champions of 15 sports. Between which, they appeared 28 titles of champions of 6 sports of the Olympic Games and 30 sportsmen broke 68 times world-wide records of 31 sports.

In 1999 the Chinese sportsmen gained 92 world-wide championships in 18 sports, among them table tennis, the badminton, the weight-lifting, the jumps of springboard and handle, gymnastics, the shot and the speed skating. In 3 sport specialties, weight-lifting, shot and swimming with fins, 16 Chinese sportsmen beat 50 times 22 world-wide marks.

From the foundation of the New China until now, the sportsmen of this country have conquered 1,298 world-wide championships and have broken 933 world-wide records.

1993 were the year in which the Chinese sportsmen raised themselves with more world-wide championships (103) and broke more world-wide records (124).

China and the Olympic Games

Before 1949, in 1932, 1936 and 1948 China participated three times in the Olympic Games, nevertheless, did not obtain no medal.

After 1949, the Olympic Committee of China was in charge of the direction of the development of the physical culture and the Olympic sports in all the country and has like its principle fundamental to propagate and to develop to the movement and the Olympic spirit in the Chinese territory. His present president is Mr. Yuan Weimin.

The 25 of October of 1979, in a meeting held in Nagoya, Japan unanimously, the Executive Committee of the Olympic Committee the International approved a resolution to straight recover legitimate of China in the Olympic Committee the International.

In 1981, There am Zhenliang was elect member of the Olympic Committee the International; in 1985, it was elect executive member of the Committee; in 1989, vice-president of the Committee; and in 1999, member executive of the Committee. The cooperation between China and the Olympic Committee the International entered a new period.

In 1984, the sport delegation of China, integrated by 353 people, participated in XXIII the Olympic Games of Los Angeles. In 16 sports, China gained 15 8 silver medal, gold medals and 9 bronze medal, finishing the history of China of zero medals in the Olympic Games. In the Olympic Games of Los Angeles, China obtained the fourth position in the total of the gold medals.

Later, China adjudged 16 gold medals twice and remained in the fourth position in the total of gold medals in the XXV and XXVI Olympic Games. China is marching towards the rows of the sport powerful countries of the world.

The Chinese Government is consequent in supporting popularization and the promotion of the Olympic sports, takes active part in the competitions and interchanges with the different regions from the world. Now, the activities of sport interchange with the outside reach more than 2,000 annual times, and more than 30 thousand people/times participated in the competitions and sport interchanges of the different regions from the world. China celebrated XI the Asian Games successfully, III the Asian Games of Winter, the Is Sport Games of Eastern Asia, I SAW Sport Games of the Handicapped people of the Distant East and the Southern Pacific, and other sport encounter and international competitions. China offers assets support to the members of the great Olympic family and helped to construct more than 50 stages and gymnasiums in more than 30 countries and regions of the world. In 1999 China its request again extended to the Olympic Committee the International so that Peking is soothes of the Olympic Games of year 2008.

In his second plenary session, celebrated in Peking in February of the 2000, the Committee for the Candidacy of Peking to the organization of the JJ.OO of the 2008 chose its emblem and its slogan. The emblem is work of the designers artists Chen Shaohua, There are Meilin and Jin Daiqiang, and the slogan will be “New Peking, the Huge Olympic Games”.